The SODA query API is db4o's low level querying API, allowing direct access to nodes of query graphs. Since SODA uses strings to identify fields, it is neither perfectly typesafe nor compile-time checked and it also is quite verbose to write.
For most applications Native Queries or LINQ will be the better querying interface. However there can be applications where dynamic generation of queries is required.
SODA is also an underlying db4o querying mechanism: all other query syntaxes are translated to SODA under the hood:
constrain
callUnderstanding SODA will provide you with a better understanding of db4o in the whole and will help to write more performant queries and applications.